Analysis Of The Poem Aimee - 1135 Words

Something cold dripped onto her forehead. Without opening her eyes, she could tell she was somewhere different. The smell of dirt and grass filled her nostrils, and a cool breeze brushed her hair off of her cheeks. More freezing liquid dripped onto her face, and her eyes flew open. She blinked, confused. Branches of a huge oak tree stretched out above her, crisp green leaves contrasting an overcast sky. As she sat up, she found that it wasn t just overcast, it was foggy. Though it was bright, she could only see about 15 feet it either direction. More water dripped down from the immense oak. Aimee. There was a sense of calm over the whole area as she pushed herself into a sitting position on the damp grass. A young woman stood over her, black hair spilling out from a ponytail at the back of her head, bangs in her face and wire-rimmed glasses perched on her nose. Her plain black t-shirt and dark jeans were clean but worn, as if she d had them for a long time. Something blue stained the knee of the denim fabric. The girl was lean-framed and thin, her olive-toned skin pale. The worn black Chuck Taylors were clean as well, though the soles were peeling away and the white had turned to grey and brown in places. Her eyes were a striking blue. Who was she? The girl gave her a slightly concerned look, then bend down next to her. Aimee? Aimee Glass? Aimee opened her mouth to respond, but closed it again and just nodded, too confused to findShow MoreRelatedLes Nuits DEte2052 Words   |  9 PagesAmy Shuford 5 April 2011 Music History II Research Paper – Les Nuits d’Ete Dr. Christina Reitz An Analysis of Hector Berlioz’s Les Nuits d’Ete Born in 1803, in the village of La Cà ´te-Saint-Andrà ©, France, Hector Berlioz produced some of the most invigorating and exciting music of the Romantic period (Holoman, 1, 6). Romanticism primarily focused on subjectivism, therefore people were concentrating more on their emotions and spirituality and less on logical explanations for the problems of humanityRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesPhenomenology of the Narrative, 16 II Problems of Film Semiotics Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. The Cinema: Language or Language System? 31 Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 92 Problems of Denotation in the Fiction Film, 108 III Syntagmatic Analysis of the Image Track Chapter 6. Outline of the Autonomous Segments in Jacques Rozier s film Adieu Philippine, 149 Chapter 7. Syntagmatic Study of Jacques Rozier s Film Adieu Philippine, 177 vii viii CONTENTS IV The Modern Cinema: Some Theoretical

Essay about The Character of James Gatsby - 1664 Words

The Character of James Gatsby There is a saying that each person is actually three people: Who he is, who he thinks he is, and who others think he is. Who Jay Gatsby thinks he is, is what he has invented. Who others think he is, is wildly speculative. Yet the answer is elusive to who is Jay Gatsby. Gatsby is the most shadowy figure in terms of reader knowledge. Yet he is the only character that at the end of the story turns out, ironically, the most truthful. Who Gatsby is, we find out, is shown in contrast to the other characters and their behavior. What does the reader know about Gatsby besides he is the title character? The whole first chapter is devoted to Nick Carraway and his background. The glimpse we get of Gatsby through†¦show more content†¦The nature that is hidden and slowly revealed throughout the book. This is the readers first clue that Gatsby is a man who innocently believes in something. Gatsbys belief, we come to discover, lies in fantasy. Yet it is an honest belief. He has an idealism that has lost touch with reality. He thinks that he can have Daisy, the focus of his life, again. Everything that he does, since arriving in West Egg, is to bring Daisy back into his life. When Nick tells him he cannot bring the past back he responds: Cant repeat the past?...Why of course you can (Fitzgerald 116)! This is the honestly of Gatsby; he believes he can make his dreams reality. This is proven by how he invented himself. As Nick observes The truth was that Jay Gatsby, of West Egg, Long Island, sprung from his platonic conception of himself (104). He is the ultimate self-made man. Justified by his success in inventing himself, he feels he can realistically conjure anything from his imagination and make it reality. This self-made reality is the key to understanding who is Jay Gastby. He is the man who always believes in pursuing the green light. He is full of imagination and dreams. Gatsby blunders along the way, yet he is full of wonder for the human imagination. It is his firm belief that one can make fantasy into reality. And why not? He has succeeded in transforming himself from James Gatz, poor mid-western boyShow MoreRelatedInvention of Gatsby818 Words   |  4 PagesInvention of Jay Gatsby Mckenzie Hart 03.03.05 It was a testimony to the romantic speculation that he inspired that there were whispers about him from those who had found little that is was necessary to whisper about in this world. (48) States the narrator, illustrating the attractiveness to attention and gossip of a party host. The quote comments on a conversation of two woman gossiping about the mysterious host named Gatsby. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds book The Great Gatsby, a young mansRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald983 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Great Gatsby† and â€Å"Washington Square† are both novels that greatly depicted their time period and how society viewed men and women. â€Å"The Great Gatsby† is about a young man named Gatsby who tries to reignite an old relationship with his new found wealth. Gatsby essentially dedicates his entire life to get Daisy back while she has long moved on. â€Å"Washington Square† is about a young girl named Catherine who tries to find love with a man named Morris, but has to deal with the strict control ofRead MoreDepicting the Unattainable American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1740 Words   |  7 Pages Th e Great Gatsby, a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, depicts that the American Dream is unattainable. The novel portrays the ignorance of society after the war. The Great Gatsby was published in 1925 after World War I had ended. Americans, at the time, lived in an illusion to try to forget about the war, thus, the American Dream was very appealing to Americans. The American Dream set an illusion that allowed Americans to believe that one could change the past and â€Å"re-do† the mistakes all overRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1413 Words   |  6 PagesAmy Zaragoza Mr. Crook AP Language and Composition Period 1 August 29, 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald 180 Pages 1925 Point of View The Great Gatsby is told in first person, through the eyes of Nick Carraway. Nick Carraway is the protagonist of the novel. By having Nick Carraway as the narrator, readers get to experience what it is like to live in a wealthy, elegant world. Carraway utilized his point of view by showing readers the pointRead MoreJay Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1142 Words   |  5 PagesJay Gatsby stands out amongst the most fascinating and important guys in fictional writing, despite the fact that he is not has dynamic and changing has the other characters in the novel. Infact, Jay Gatsby has changed very little since he was young. born has James Gatz to poor farmers in North Dakota, he chose at a very young age that he wanted more out of life than his home town could offer. He leaves home to discover riches. While relaxing on the shore one day, he sees a yacht docked off theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald953 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Be careful what you wish for.† It’s too bad the characters in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby didn’t heed this warning. Set in the 1920’s, The Great Gatsby tells the story of how the narrator, Nick Carraway, moves to Long Island and befriends the mysterious millionaire next door, eventually joining him on an adventure to help reunite him with his long-lost love. With the extravagant parties and riches beyond compare, the book soon takes a turn for the worst. However, the tragicRead MoreGreat Gatsby and Citizen Kane compare and contrast Essay examples677 Words   |  3 Pages The Great Gatsby Citizen Kane You are today where your thoughts have brought you; you will be tomorrow where your thoughts take you. - James Allen The Great Gatsby and Citizen Kane are both classic American stories about the so called â€Å"American Dream†. The main characters in both stories are Mr. Gatsby and Mr. Kane. They each come from similar backgrounds. They also both hold much power as adults. A difference between the two is one chose their way of living the other did not. He wasRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1085 Words   |  5 PagesDaniels Theatre in Hillsboro, Ohio to meet a mysterious man named Gatsby. During the weekend of April 1st- 3rd the Southern State Community College preformed Simon Levy’s adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby a show that was anything but an April fool’s day prank. Our story begins with the arrival of Mr. Nick Caraway in Long Island, New York in the summer of 1922, when Nick unknowingly buys a summer house next to Mr. Gatsby. He never intend the events of that summer to change his lifeRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1542 Words   |  7 PagesIn this novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald produces a charismatic personality that catches the attention of the readers. This character enfolds himself with lavish belongings and wealthy people and goes by the name of Jay Gatsby. He is the principal character who gives the name to the story. Gatsby is a newly wealthy Midwesterner-turned-Easterner who commands his life around one desire: to be reunited with Daisy Buchanan, the love of his life from five years earlier. Jay Gatsby’s questRead MoreThe Villain Of Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe Villain of Gatsby Here’s the thing about stories; they’re all different, but they’re all the same. Now, everyone knows how they’re different. Different letters make up different words which make up different sentences. It’s this difference that allows for multiple stories to be told. The other side of stories is much less understood. They’re all the same. This can be seen through the examination of archetypes, most importantly the hero vs the villain. It can be seen in every tale imaginable

Economics Business Price Regulation and Natural Monopoly

Question: Discuss about the Economics Business for Price Regulation and Natural Monopoly. Answer: Introduction Natural monopoly exists in an economy when the operation of a single firm in a market is socially optimal. Efficiency in production and resource allocation are both achieved in a natural monopoly (Nowotny, Smith, Trebing, 2012). There are high amount of fixed cost in some industries, where a single firm can operate efficiently. The size of the market, cost of operation, availability of resources, and market structure of the industry naturally restricts the entry of other firms in the industry. A single firm can obtain economies of scale during single operation. Production by multi firm is costly in this market. John Stuart Mill advocated for government regulations in the natural monopoly market (Crozet, Nash, Preston, 2012). The study analyses different types of costs exist in a monopoly market and price determination strategy in the natural monopoly market. Natural monopoly in an economy exists in the sectors such as railways, telecommunication and infrastructure. There is a tendency of the natural monopolists to exploit the market charging higher prices. Hence, government often takes initiative to control price in natural monopoly to bring efficiency and correcting market failure. This essay analyses costs and benefits of natural monopoly in a specific market structure. Benefits of natural monopoly It is generally seen in the economy that increase in competition brings operational efficiency by increasing supply and keeping downward pressure on the market price of a product. Firms gain allocative efficiency also regarding resources. However, in some cases it is seen that market demand is not much to necessitate operation of more than one firm in the market (Joskow Wolfram, 2012). The rationale behind existence of single firm is that multiple firm have higher average cost compared to the average cost of a single firm at a given scale of operation. A single firm with large scale can operate on the falling portion of the total average cost curve, where economies of scale exist. Natural monopoly is commonly seen for the services such as water supply, electricity, railways, garbage cleaning in cities (Minamihashi, 2012). Economies of scale exists firm operates at the falling segment of average cost curve. Cost per unit of production decreases over a long range of output. Average total cost falls as the fixed cost remains same and the variable costs decreases due to increasing returns to scale. Baldwin, Cave, Lodge (2012) mentioned that natural monopoly is a problem for the economy if it is unregulated. A firm in a natural monopoly framework may charge a higher price for a smaller output if it is unregulated. Government thus intervenes in the market to bring social optimality in price and output decision. The above diagram depicts that average cost is falling continuously over the production. Average total cost curve lies above the marginal cost curve. Economies of scale exist on the falling segment of LRAC curve. Natural monopoly is generally seen in the market for necessary goods, which requires expensive infrastructure and high fixed cost for production (Crew, 2012). Therefore, entry in this market is not easy. A firm is a price setter in a monopoly market. A natural monopolist wants to maximise profit by producing at the level where marginal cost curve cuts the marginal revenue curve and sets price equalling with its average revenue. At this level, price is P1 and quantity production is Q1. P1AFC1 is the economic profit of the firm. In this situation, if price is unregulated, profits are excessive and more than the competitive profit. High level of profit is charged by producing little output. It indicates both production and resource allocation inefficiency. Role of government and costs of natural monopoly In order to correct the production and allocation inefficiency, regulators can choose any of the two options such as average cost pricing or marginal cost pricing. Average cost pricing is adopted to gain allocative efficiency. P = average revenue = MC is the level, where price is much less than that is charged by a monopolist. Quantity is also greater in this case. At this point, as P ATC, firm makes economic losses. Average cost is above the marginal cost. However that price is socially desirable, when thinking about consumer welfare (Williams, 2016). A firm cannot be able to continue production by incurring loss in long run. In that case, government has to provide subsidy to keep the firm in business. Large amount of subsidy increases government expense. It is not optimal to finance a loss making firm for long term. Therefore, P= LRMC is not welfare maximising price. Government has several options to minimise the extent of monopolisation such as average cost pricing, taxes and subsidies, price ceiling. Marginal cost pricing is associated with some extent of welfare loss and requires government assistance (Makholm, 2015). Therefore, government has another option such as average cost pricing. This is similar to the competitive pricing. Firm produces output at the level Q* and is able to set price at P* level, where price is equal to the average revenue like a competitive firm. At this level, firm incurs only normal profit. This is a optimal solution from both consumer and producer end as the firm does not make any loss and the total output in the market is Q*, which is greater than monopoly output and less than marginal cost pricing output (Numa, 2012). Regulation is required in the market to correct the market failure. Firm in a monopoly market behaves to maximise profits. Profit maximisation leads to increase in price lowering output. In the view of (Poudineh Jamasb, 2014), monopoly price leads to transfer of wealth from consumers to sellers. As the seller charges a higher price to the consumers, some consumers leave the market without buying the product. Therefore, deadweight loss is created in the market leading to the welfare loss. A part of the consumer surplus, which is lost but not appropriated by the suppliers (Westphal, 2014). The triangle ABD is the deadweight loss in the market. Example of natural monopoly The analysis can be done using the example from Australian economy. There are controversies regarding the presence of natural monopoly nature in the telecommunication model in Australia. It has been argued that as per structure of the geographical area of Australia, every house and business premise in Australia requires single electrical connection and water pipe line. Therefore, single telecommunication connection is enough for residents. LeMay (2014) stated that National Broadband Network provides telecommunication infrastructure such as electricity cables, water, gas, sewerage pipes. In this given infrastructure and demand, multiple telecommunication connection may lead to inefficient use of societys resources. Wastage of resources has some economic cost. Wastage of resources has some opportunity costs as the wastage resources could have been used in other productive purpose. However, (Hilmer, 2014) stated that NBN in Australia is not a natural monopoly and this body is under government regulation. The argument is that natural monopoly does not require any legislative protection. NBN has potential competitor in the market such as TPG telecom. Therefore, in order to keep this monopoly power of NBN, government support is required. The practice of cross subsidy prevails in Australia economy in case of telecommunication services. As per the cross subsidy, urban users have to pay more of cost of providing telecom services. On the other hand, rural users pay less than the cost. This is a kind of price discrimination applied by monopolists to hold the market share. Cross subsidy make the monopoly power weaker to allow potential competitors (Preston, 2012). Hence, government often impose price ceiling to restrict market price to fall further. Ramsey pricing is a type of price discrimination seen in natural monopoly. Effect of technology and need for government regulation Hiriart Thomas (2013) cited that technology has changed much in the production process of telecommunication industry. Development of microwave and satellite technology has provided strong substitute for the traditional cable network. Technological progress generally reduces production cost or brings innovation in existing products. Innovation in product or service creates economies of scope for the monopolists. According to classical argument, a monopolist has less incentive to promote technological progress and hence investment in the research and development for innovation. As the main aim of the monopolist is profit maximisation, technological innovation may reduce the profit level by reducing price. However, Nowotny, Smith Trebing (2012) argued against this view by saying that technical progress brings production efficiency and reduces cost of operation. Moreover, product differentiation due to product innovation creates economies of scope for the firm such as NBN Co in Austral ia. A natural monopolist can make huge profit by setting price equating with average revenue and producing at the level where MC cuts Mr Curve. However, this price is not social welfare maximising as discussed above. Moreover, in the view of (Minamihashi, 2012), a natural monopolist firm may not introduce new product or service unless the marginal cost of production is than that of previous product or service. In the presence of external forces, a natural monopolist can feel pressure for spending time and money on RD in order to gain competitive advantage as seen in case of NBN of Australia. In this situation, where there is scope of free entry, natural monopolist may be feared to lose market share in an unregulated market (Baldwin, Cave, Lodge, 2012). At this stage, regulation in the form of average pricing may be effective to restrict entry of new firm in the market. At the average cost pricing level, natural monopolist earns only normal profit, where average total cost equals to average revenue. Hence, all the costs are covered with the total revenue earned. Firm gains no super normal profit. Therefore, there is no incentive for external firms to enter into the market. It can be said from this analysis that in the presence of technological progresses, government regulation and average cost pricing can correct market failure. Price regulators need to set price at the level, where both allocative and productive efficiency achieved. Conclusion The above study has discussed on the price regulation policy in a natural monopoly market. Natural monopoly is created in a market automatically due to presence of economies of scale and the market structure. In this type of market structure, fixed cost is very high. Therefore, a single firm with huge potential can operate in this market to supply products or services as per demand. The firm achieves economies of scale after the start of production process as average cost is falling continuously over a long range of output. Average cost falls due to increasing returns to scale in production. The nature of a monopolist is to produce output at the level, MR = MC. However, it sets price equating with average cost. This price output combination is not social optimal as most of the consumers surplus is appropriated by the monopolist. Therefore, regulation in this market is required to bring efficiency in resource allocation and production. Government has two options such as marginal cost pricing and average cost pricing. MC pricing is beneficial for consumers. However, at this level, firm incurs loss in long run. Therefore, no firm can sustain in the market by making loss. In this situation government has to provide subsidy at a large scale. Subsidy often distorts market by creating inefficiency. Therefore, average cost pricing is optimal for society. Firm gets normal profit by charging a competitive price and producing output greater than unregulated monopoly and less than marginal cost pricing. References Baldwin, R., Cave, M., Lodge, M. (2012). Understanding regulation: theory, strategy, and practice. Oxford University Press on Demand. Crew, M. A. (2012). Competition and the Regulation of Utilities (Vol. 7). Springer Science Business Media. Crozet, Y., Nash, C., Preston, J. (2012). Beyond the quiet life of a natural monopoly: Regulatory challenges ahead for Europes rail sector. Brussels: CERRE. Hilmer, F. (2014). New technologies will crack flawed NBN model. Retrieved December 24, 2016, from www.afr.com: https://www.afr.com/technology/web/nbn/new-technologies-will-crack-flawed-nbn-model-20140427-if7aj Hiriart, Y., Thomas, L. (2013). The Optimal Regulation of a Risky Monopoly. Joskow, P. L., Wolfram, C. D. (2012). Dynamic pricing of electricity. The American Economic Review, 102(3),, 381-385. LeMay, R. (2014). Labor's NBN is a natural monopoly, but the Coalition's is not. Retrieved December 24, 2016, from delimiter.com.au: https://delimiter.com.au/2014/05/06/labors-nbn-natural-monopoly-coalitions/ Makholm, J. D. (2015). Regulation of natural gas in the United States, Canada, and Europe: Prospects for a low carbon fuel. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, reu017. Minamihashi, N. (2012). Natural monopoly and distorted competition: evidence from unbundling fiber-optic networks. Nowotny, K., Smith, D. B., Trebing, H. M. (2012). Public utility regulation: The economic and social control of industry (Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media. Numa, G. (2012). Dupuit and walras on the natural monopoly in transport industries: what they really wrote and meant. History of Political Economy, 44(1), 69-95. Poudineh, R., Jamasb, T. (2014). Determinants of investment under incentive regulation: The case of the Norwegian electricity distribution networks. Energy Economics. Preston, J. (2012). Beyond the quiet life of a natural monopoly: Regulatory challenges ahead for Europes rail sector. Brussels: Centre on Regulation in Europe, . Issue paper,2. Westphal, K. (2014). Institutional change in European natural gas markets and implications for energy security: Lessons from the German case. . Energy Policy, 74, 35-43. Williams, J. (2016). Economic insights on market structure and competition. Addiction, 111(12), 2094-2095.

Youth Curfew Essay Example

Youth Curfew Essay Good evening chairperson, fellow debaters, ladies, gentlemen and others. In our world today, violence and crime still rages and much of which have been perpetrated by young people of about my age. A growing problem, youths are beginning or continuing to wander the streets after hours to offend the law. If no action were to be carried out, a future where crime through youths will thrive. Today, we the Affirmative side is here to address to you all about a solution towards this problem. We as a team believe that youths should not be allowed to roam freely but kept in their homes to prevent the occurrences of youth problems. To make obvious to you all what a youth curfew is, our team has prepared a definition of the term youth curfew. The Oxford Dictionary defines curfew as, A signal or time after which people must remain indoors until the next day. This, to us just means that a curfew is a way to keep us young people off the streets. Having teenagers wandering the suburbs at dark, young people are given a chance to act in a criminal way. Therefore, a youth curfew is essential to a society of any sort. One of the main goals of a youth curfew law is to protect non-delinquent youths. We will write a custom essay sample on Youth Curfew specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Youth Curfew specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Youth Curfew specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is stated by the Curfew Laws that a main purpose of a curfew is to protect youths from victimization. According to the Ruefle and Reynolds analysis, the curfew may be used as a means to protect non-delinquent youth from crime and to deny delinquent youth the opportunity to engage in criminal behaviour. Also, according to the FBIs UCR report, youth perpetrators often take crime upon people of their age so it is expected that crime rates of victimization will reduce. Through reference from the Office of Crime Statistics and Research in Adelaide, it has been displayed that a high number of teenagers participate in youth crime. In the year of 2004, it was recorded by the South Australian police that persons of the age between 10-17 years of age were apprehended for crime, with the figure stretching up to 6,482. Unfortunately, this number does not include the other youths who have offended the law whilst also getting away with their crime. Having still excluded the unknown figure, it still can be seen that there are high rates of crime. Also, this number only displays the figures of South Australia alone and not the other states of Australia. Youth Curfews not only reduces victimization, it also is a form of zero tolerance policing, the curfew creates an atmosphere whereby it is shown that the community does not allow or accept the development of any lawlessness within the area. The idea of having zero tolerance comes from the presence of low-levelled crimes, such as, graffiti spraying, breaking glass windows, drug dealing and etc. (all of which are criminal acts performed by youths). If these minor problems were not to be controlled and acted against effectively by the policing force, then a permissive atmosphere would then be created for violence and more severe crimes. With this flourish of crime, law and order stands a great chance in breaking down. Now, with the help of youth curfews, the police are aided through the zero tolerance climates of which the curfew has generated. This then in turn would create a safer community for everyone. Youth Curfews can also be used as an aid to various other programs that help stop youths from causing misdemeanours. If the curfew was to be put into place, then those who are willing to abide the law are kept off the streets during the curfew. Those who ignore the curfew are then left on the streets. These youths usually are set to behave in a misconduct way. Out on the streets, the youths are left for the police to handle. Also, because it is quite difficult to identify criminals, such a scheme like the curfew would help immensely in the process of finding the law offenders through the process of elimination. So, ladies and gentlemen, Youth Curfews are a must and is an essential part to our society. We already know that violence and crimes are committed by youths that roam the streets in the dark. These sorts of crimes range from minor offences such as graffiti spraying or even up to violence, which in most cases, are inflicted on innocent youths. With the curfew in place, the policy can enable the law abiding or vulnerable teenagers to stay in their homes at curfew hours but also prevent them from being afflicted to violence through the delinquent youths. Also, the policy works as an aid towards other youth crime prevention programs. So, you could say that the curfew does its job in keeping potential offenders away from the chance to act in a criminal way but also does aid other programs. So this curfew is what you can call a double action towards juvenile delinquency. Must I remind you that statistics from 2004 shows that 6,482 teenagers from just South Australia alone have been apprehended by the police for juvenile crime! This figure should not be accepted by the Australian society. With that figure displaying the number of juvenile delinquents for just South Australia, you can try to imagine the total amount of teenage law offences in the whole of Australia! To conclude, all that has to be said is that to enable this society to progress in a safety environment, a youth curfew is essential.

Comparing to the American Dream essays

Comparing to the American Dream essays William Byrd was born in Virginia in 1674. William Byrd received a quality education in England. He returned to Virginia after learning of his father's death. Byrd now had the responsibility of managing his inherited plantation. William Byrd character was constant. In The Secret Diary of William Byrd of Westover, he recorded the highlights of his day. He was an early bird. He wrote that he would wake up no later than seven I the morning. Another observation I read that he loved to eat the same things. For instance, he would eat milk for breakfast and boiled beef for dinner. Byrd would either read Greek or Hebrew. I also noticed that Byrd would pray at the end of each day. It would end just about like this every time, I had good health, good thoughts, and good humor, thanks be to God Almighty. Byrd enjoyed games and company. He always had company in his home. Several times he cousin visited, Mr. Mumford accompanied Byrd as they walked in the garden, shot bows and arrows and play billiard until dinner time. Byrds friends, Drury Stith, Colonel Hill, Mr. Anderson and Mr. Platt also were some of William Byrds guest on the plantation. William Byrd was a plantation owner with a vast amount of slaves. Some of his slaves were sick and some even died on his plantation. A lot of times, Byrd spent most of his time looking after his sick. Different slaves had different jobs to do. Some would unload supplies from Byrds sloop which was a boat, cook the food, clean the chambers, plant trees such as peach trees, put up curtains and fed the animals because he had cattle. Slaves endured cruelty from William Byrd. He whipped some of them and branded one of his slaves because he pretended to be sick when asked to unload his ship. William Byrd recorded some of his sexual transgressions, for instance the Colonel Carters wife daughter and Mrs. Russell, and his wife who would sometimes go to...

Behavior Incentives and Classroom Rewards

Behavior Incentives and Classroom Rewards Classroom incentives, prizes, and punishments are part of a controversial topic for teachers. Many teachers see extrinsic material rewards as an appropriate and effective way to manage behavior in the elementary classroom. Other teachers dont want to bribe the kids to do work that they should be intrinsically motivated to do on their own. Should You Offer Classroom Incentives Early in the School Year? The idea of classroom rewards is an important concept to consider at the beginning of the school year. If you start off the year showering students with rewards, they are going to expect it and will most likely only work for the rewards. However, if you limit prizes from day one, you may find that you can get away from the material aspect a little bit and save yourself a significant amount of money in the long run.  Here is an example of what worked for me and thoughts about the concept of rewards. Rewards in First Classroom? In setting up my first classroom (third grade), I wanted to avoid rewards. I dreamed of my students working for knowledges sake. However, after trial and error, I found that kids respond to rewards well and sometimes you just have to use what works. The teachers before us most likely showered our current students with rewards, so they probably expect it by now. Also, teachers (and all employees) work for a reward - money. How many of us would work and try hard if we werent getting a salary? Money and rewards, in general, make the world go round, whether its a pretty picture or not. Timing When Incentives are Needed At the beginning of the year, I didnt do anything with rewards or behavior management because my kids started out the year quiet and hard working. But, around Thanksgiving, I was at the end of my rope and started introducing rewards. Teachers might want to try going as long as they can without rewards because the prizes start losing their effectiveness after awhile because the kids expect them or get used to receiving the rewards. It also works to change the rewards as the year progresses, just to add a little excitement and a boost to their effectiveness. Avoiding Material Rewards I dont use any material rewards in my classroom. I dont give out anything that costs money for me to buy. Im not willing to spend a lot of my own time and money to keep a store or prize box stocked for daily rewards. Good Work Tickets In the end, positive reinforcement of good behavior worked best for my students and me. I used Good Work Tickets which are just leftover scraps of construction paper (that would have been thrown away otherwise) cut up into little 1 inch by 1-inch squares. I have the kids cut them up for me after school or whenever they want. They love to do it. I dont even have to do that part. Involving Students in Giving Rewards When kids are working quietly and doing what they are supposed to be doing, I give them a good work ticket. They put their student # on the back and turn it into the raffle box. Also, if a child finished his or her work or has been working well, I let them pass out the good work tickets, which they love doing. This is a great thing to do with problem children; kids who are usually in trouble will love monitoring their classmates behavior. The students are usually more strict than I am with handing them out. Since they are free, it doesnt matter how many you give out.   Awarding Incentives On Fridays, I do a little drawing. The rewards are things like: Sit at the teachers desk for the day15 minutes playing an educational computer gameBe the caller for multiplication bingoMake up a math problem for the other children to solveGo to lunch 5 minutes early with a friendStay out for a longer recess with a friendChoose your seat for the dayRead out loud to the class You can tailor these rewards to what the cool things in your classroom are. I usually pick two  or three winners and then, just for fun, I pick one more, and that person is the Cool Person of the Day. The kids and I just thought that was a funny thing to do and a nice way to wrap up the drawing. Also, I keep a bag of candy in my cupboard for a quick reward (if someone catches a mistake I make, goes above and beyond the call of duty, etc.). Its a pretty cheap thing to have around just in case. Just throw candy to the kid and keep on teaching. Dont Overemphasize Rewards I didnt place a large emphasis on rewards. I tried to make learning fun, and my kids genuinely did get excited about learning new things. I had them begging me to teach them harder math concepts because they knew they could handle it. Ultimately, how you use rewards in your classroom is a personal decision. There are no right or wrong answers. Like everything in teaching, what works for one teacher may not work for another. But, it does help to discuss your ideas with other educators and see what others are doing in their classroom. Good luck!

Celebrity in contemporary America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Celebrity in contemporary America - Essay Example They institute them gorgeous, eye-catching and love to see them on screen or if anyhow they get an opportunity they would like to see their live performances, have an autograph and thus they are highly infatuated with them. It is a mob psychology to follow these celebrities, as most of the people do not know actually know much about them but they have to keep pace with the trend and hence they are keep a track of their favorite celebrities through media, magazines, internet, discuss about them, their personal life in gatherings. People like to discuss about their lifestyle, romance and fashion and here media plays a crucial role in publicizing the personal life of the celebrity. Media in this manner try to seek the attention of people and hence they also enhance their popularity. Media very well grasp the prevailing psychology of the mob and therefore they advertise about any information or program related with the celebrity and their interview so that people watch their show and in turn the channel gains fame along with the celebrity. However, does everyone know what a celebrity is? Indeed, the public just know what kind of people they call celebrities through the media. This paper will closely demonstrate the definition of celebrity using the example of one of celebrities, Britney Spears. Britney has become a celebrity at a very early age, released numerous hit songs. The present article highlights the making of Britney, how has she become a celebrity. According to the theories for being celebritised, Britney has technically been used icon for performance, music, fashion, and of course life style. She emerged as an icon, a complete performer and entertainer in the world of music. People love to watch her performance, they appreciate her every act and move and truly adore her for voice quality and that is how she became a popular star at a very young age. According to Rojek (2001, pp.17-20), "there are three aspects it can be de categorized: ascribed, achieved and attributed." A brief explanation of these categories are initially attributed to the opportunity that is provided to the individual, the fate and destiny- a sheer luck factor that transforms an ordinary individual into a celeb, a star, an icon, a public figure and a big shot. In case of Britney, she is possesses both achievements as well as attribution. People keep a track of their preferred celebrity and try to peep into their life styles, what they eat, what they wear, the big brand names they are associated with, what they eat, how much they eat, and hence a complete business of many industries revolve around the celebrity. It is for this reason, big companies mark the celebrities as their brand ambassador and advertise their brands through them so as to gain command over the market. Business run through these celebrities for big organizations and hence such organizations earn a lot through their publicity making people buy their brands for food, clothing, grooming, writing and decorating their homes and offices. Thus, big companies use celebrities for their brand popularity and use the celebrities as an image of their brand. Marshall (1997, p.150) analyses the popular music has been bounded up with the mass media. Thus, promoting the importance of music to expand the